Basic theory on plant tissue culture should be understood for multiplication of horticultural crops via plant tissue culture techniques and efficient propagation system for certain crops should be established, based on understanding factors affecting morphogenesis and multiplication from cultured tissue.
Major factors affecting morphogenesis from inoculum are cultured organ or individual part, explant size, age of material, seasonal variation of material, sorts of disinfectants and duration of sterilization of materials, composition of medium and cultural environment. However, factors should be optimized to increase efficiency of multiplication of clones, because these are varied according to cultured crops.
Culture stages are divided in convenience for efficient propagation of horticultural crops via plant tissue culture. The first stage is the establishment of a microbe free explant culture and the initiation of new growth, the second stage, of multiplication system of newly developed clones, the third stage is to gain resistance to environmental stresses, preparing them for transferring to greenhouse condition and the fourth stage is to transplant clones from in vitro to in vivo condition and to harden them to adapt actual natural condition. Kinds and concentrations of plant growth regulators are different in different culture stages and light intensities is generally low in the first and second stage, but high in the third stage.
Industrial application of plant tissue culture techniques will be stimulated when systematic multiplication method is established with crops in which this techniques should be used in order to gain expected clones like pathogen free stock or to use this technique is more effective and economic in multiple propagation than to use conventional methods.
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